Central to the pathophysiology of hypertension is the loss of arterial compliance, which can have far-reaching effects on multiple organ systems, including the brain and kidneys
Notably, the endometrium/decidua is rich in immune cells, particularly uterine natural killer cells and macrophages, which originate from the bone marrow and selectively migrate to the uterine lining via the bloodstream
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A attracts and activates microglia and astrocytes, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF, IL-6, IL-2, and IL-1, as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by oxidative stress, which ultimately leads to neuronal cell death (35)
Hydrogels as smart biomaterials As previously discussed, hydrogels have emerged as a transformative platform in biomedical engineering, combining structural versatility, biocompatibility, and functional adaptability to address challenges in precision therapy [125]
When extrapolated to human-equivalent dosing using standard conversion factors, this translates to approximately 0.050.8 mg/kg